作者:国家统计局,科学技术部 编
出版社:中国统计出版社
ISBN:978-7-5037-7578-9
出版时间:2015-11-15
装帧:精装
开本:16
定价:260.00元
订购方式
查看大图作者:国家统计局,科学技术部 编
出版社:中国统计出版社
ISBN:978-7-5037-7578-9
出版时间:2015-11-15
装帧:精装
开本:16
定价:260.00元
订购方式国家统计局,科学技术部 编 Compiled By National Bureau of Statistics,Ministry of Science and Technology
目 录 Contents
一、综合
General
1-1 研究与试验发展(R&D)人员(2014年) 3
R&D Personnel (2014)
1-2 全国研究与试验发展(R&D)人员全时当量 4
Full-time Equivalent of R&D Personnel
1-3 按执行部门分研究与试验发展(R&D)人员全时当量(2014年) 4
Full-time Equivalent of R&D Personnel by Performer(2014)
1-4 各地区研究与试验发展(R&D)人员全时当量(2014年) 5
Full-time Equivalent of R&D Personnel by Region (2014)
1-5 全国研究与试验发展(R&D)经费内部支出 6
Intramural Expenditure on R&D
1-6 按执行部门分组的研究与试验发展(R&D)经费内部支出(2014年) 6
Intramural Expenditure on R&D by Performer(2014)
1-7 各地区研究与试验发展(R&D)经费内部支出(2014年) 7
Intramural Expenditure on R&D by Region (2014)
1-8 各地区研究与试验发展(R&D)经费投入强度 8
The R&D Expenditure Input Intensity by Region
1-9 按执行部门分组的研究与试验发展(R&D)经费内部支出 9
Intramural Expenditure on R&D by Performer
1-10 按执行部门和支出用途分R&D经费内部支出(2014年) 9
Intramural Expenditure on R&D by Performer and Use (2014)
1-11 各地区按支出用途分研究与试验发展(R&D)经费内部支出(2014年) 10
Intramural Expenditure on R&D by Region and Use (2014)
1-12 按资金来源分研究与试验发展(R&D)经费内部支出 11
Intramural Expenditure on R&D by Sources
1-13 按执行部门和来源构成分研究与试验发展(R&D)经费内部支出(2014年) 11
Intramural Expenditure on R&D by Performer and Sources (2014)
1-14 各地区按资金来源分研究与试验发展(R&D)经费内部支出(2014年) 12
Intramural Expenditure on R&D by Region and Sources(2014)
1-15 研究与试验发展(R&D)经费外部支出(2014年) 13
External Expenditure on R&D (2014)
1-16 研究与试验发展(R&D)项目情况(2014年) 14
R&D Projects(2014)
1-17 科技进步贡献率 15
MFP Contribution on Economic Growth
1-18 国家财政科技支出 15
Government Expenditure for Science and Technology
1-19 公有经济企事业单位专业技术人员 16
Technical Personnel in State-owned and Collective-owned Enterprises and Institutions
1-20 公有经济企事业单位分行业专业技术人员(2014年) 17
Technical Personnel in State-owned and Collective-owned Enterprises and Institutions by Industrial Sector (2014)
1-21 各地区公有经济企事业单位专业技术人员(2014年) 18
Technical Personnel in State-owned and Collective-owned Enterprises and Institutions by Region (2014)
1-22 分学科研究生情况 (2014年) 19
Number of Postgraduate Students by Field of Study (2014)
1-23 普通本科分学科学生数 (2014年) 20
Number of Students Regular Enrolled in Full Undergraduate Course by Field of Study (2014)
1-24 普通专科分学科学生数 (2014年) 20
Number of Students Regular Enrolled in Specialized Courses by Field of Study (2014)
1-25 中国科学院院士和中国工程院院士 21
Academicians of China Academy of Sciences and Academicians of China Academy of Engineering
1-26 中国科学院全体院士名单 22
1-27 中国工程院全体院士名单 24
二、工业企业
Industrial Enterprises
2-1 规模以上工业企业的科技活动基本情况 29
Basic Statistics on Science and Technology Activities of Industrial Enterprises above Designated Size
2-2 按企业规模及登记注册类型分规上工业企业基本情况(2014年) 30
Basic Statistics on Industrial Enterprises above Designated Size by Scale and Registration Status (2014)
2-3 按行业分规上工业企业基本情况(2014年) 32
Basic Statistics on Industrial Enterprises above Designated Size by Industrial Sector (2014)
2-4 各地区规上工业企业基本情况(2014年) 34
Basic Statistics on Industrial Enterprises above Designated Size by Region (2014)
2-5 按企业规模及登记注册类型分规上工业企业R&D人员(2014年) 36
R&D Personnel in Industrial Enterprises above Designated Size by Scale and Registration Status(2014)
2-6 按行业分规上工业企业R&D人员(2014年) 38
R&D Personnel in Industrial Enterprises above Designated Size by Industrial Sector(2014)
2-7 各地区规上工业企业R&D人员(2014年) 39
R&D Personnel in Industrial Enterprises above Designated Size by Region(2014)
2-8 按企业规模及登记注册类型分规上工业企业R&D经费内部支出(2014年) 40
Intramural Expenditure on R&D in Industrial Enterprises above Designated Size by Scale and Registration
Status(2014)
2-9 按行业分规上工业企业R&D经费内部支出(2014年) 42
Intramural Expenditure on R&D in Industrial Enterprises above Designated Size by Industrial Sector(2014)
2-10 各地区规上工业企业R&D经费内部支出(2014年) 44
Intramural Expenditure on R&D in Industrial Enterprises above Designated Size by Region(2014)
2-11 按企业规模及登记注册类型分规上工业企业R&D经费外部支出(2014年) 46
External Expenditure on R&D in Industrial Enterprises above Designated Size by Scale and Registration
Status(2014)
2-12 按行业分规上工业企业R&D经费外部支出(2014年) 47
External Expenditure on R&D in Industrial Enterprises above Designated Size by Industrial Sector(2014)
2-13 各地区规上工业企业R&D经费外部支出(2014年) 48
External Expenditure on R&D in Industrial Enterprises above Designated Size by Region(2014)
2-14 按企业规模及登记注册类型分规上工业企业R&D项目情况(2014年) 49
R&D Projects in Industrial Enterprises above Designated Size by Scale and Registration Status(2014)
2-15 按行业分规上工业企业R&D项目情况(2014年) 50
R&D Projects in Industrial Enterprises above Designated Size by Industrial Sector(2014)
2-16 各地区规上工业企业R&D项目情况(2014年) 51
R&D Projects in Industrial Enterprises above Designated Size by Region (2014)
2-17 按企业规模及登记注册类型分规上工业企业办研发机构情况(2014年) 52
R&D Institutions in Industrial Enterprises above Designated Size by Scale and Registration Status(2014)
2-18 按行业分规上工业企业办研发机构情况(2014年) 53
R&D Institutions in Industrial Enterprises above Designated Size by Industrial Sector(2014)
2-19 各地区规上工业企业办研发机构情况(2014年) 54
R&D Institutions in Industrial Enterprises above Designated Size by Region(2014)
2-20 按企业规模及登记注册类型分规上工业企业新产品开发和生产(2014年) 55
New Products Development and Production of Industrial Enterprises above Designated Size by Scale and
Registration Status (2014)
2-21 按行业分规上工业企业新产品开发和生产(2014年) 56
New Products Development and Production of Industrial Enterprises above Designated Size by Industrial
Sector (2014)
2-22 各地区规上工业企业新产品开发和生产(2014年) 57
New Products Development and Production of Industrial Enterprise above Designated Size by Region (2014)
2-23 按企业规模及登记注册类型分规上工业企业专利(2014年) 58
Statistics on Patent of Industrial Enterprises above Designated Size by Scale and Registration Status (2014)
2-24 按行业分规上工业企业专利(2014年) 59
Statistics on Patent of Industrial Enterprises above Designated Size by Industrial Sector (2014)
2-25 各地区规上工业企业专利(2014年) 60
Statistics on Patent of Industrial Enterprises above Designated Size by Region (2014)
2-26 按企业规模及登记注册类型分规上工业企业技术获取和技术改造(2014年) 61
Technology Acquisition and Renovation of Industrial Enterprises above Designated Size by Scale and Registration
Status (2014)
2-27 按行业分规上工业企业技术获取和技术改造(2014年) 62
Technology Acquisition and Renovation of Industrial Enterprises above Designated Size by Industrial Sector (2014)
2-28 各地区规上工业企业技术获取和技术改造(2014年) 63
Technology Acquisition and Renovation of Industrial Enterprises above Designated Size by Region(2014)
三、研究与开发机构
R&D Institutions
3-1 研究与开发机构基本情况 66
Basic Statistics on Scientific Research and Development Institutions
3-2 按隶属关系和学科分研究与开发机构R&D人员(2014年) 67
R&D Personnel in R&D Institutions by Subordination and Subject (2014)
3-3 各地区研究与开发机构R&D人员(2014年) 68
R&D Personnel in R&D Institutions by Region(2014)
3-4 各地区地方部门属研究与开发机构R&D人员(2014年) 70
R&D Personnel in R&D Institutions on Local Governments by Region (2014)
3-5 按服务的国民经济行业分研究与开发机构R&D人员(2014年) 72
R&D Personnel in R&D Institutions by Industrial Sector in which the R&D Institutions Served (2014)
3-6 按隶属关系和学科分研究与开发机构R&D经费内部支出(2014年) 78
Intramural Expenditure on R&D of R&D Institutions by Subordination and Subject (2014)
3-7 各地区研究与开发机构经费内部支出(2014年) 80
R&DIntramural Expenditure on R&D of R&D Institutions by Region (2014)
3-8 各地区地方部门属研究与开发机构R&D经费内部支出(2014年) 82
Intramural Expenditure on R&D in Local R&D Institutions by Region (2014)
3-9 按服务的国民经济行业分研究与开发机构R&D经费内部支出(2014年) 84
Intramural Expenditure on R&D of R&D Institutions by Industrial Sector in which the R&D Institutions
Served (2014)
3-10 按隶属关系和学科分研究与开发机构R&D经费外部支出(2014年) 88
External Expenditure on R&D of R&D Institutions by Subordination and Subject (2014)
3-11 各地区研究与开发机构R&D经费外部支出(2014年) 89
External Expenditure on R&D of R&D Institutions by Region (2014)
3-12 按隶属关系和学科分研究与开发机构R&D课题(2014年) 90
R&D Projects of R&D Institutions by Subordination and Subject (2014)
3-13 各地区研究与开发机构R&D课题(2014年) 91
R&D Projects of R&D Institutions by Region (2014)
3-14 各地区地方部门属研究与开发机构R&D课题(2014年) 92
R&D Projects Taken by Local R&D Institutions by Region (2014)
3-15 按服务的国民经济行业分研究与开发机构R&D课题(2014年) 93
R&D Projects of R&D Institutions by Industry (2014)
3-16 按学科分组的R&D课题(2014年) 95
R&D Projects Taken by R&D Institutions by Discipline (2014)
3-17 按来源和合作形式分研究与开发机构R&D课题(2014年) 97
R&D Projects of R&D Institutions by Sources and Cooperation Modality (2014)
3-18 按隶属关系和学科分研究与开发机构科技产出(2014年) 98
S&T Output of R&D Institutions by Subordination and Subject(2014)
3-19 各地区研究与开发机构科技产出(2014年) 100
S&T Output of R&D Institutions by Region(2014)
3-20 各地区地方部门属研究与开发机构科技产出(2014年) 102
S&T Output in R&D Institutions of Local Governments by Region(2014)
3-21 按服务的国民经济行业分研究与开发机构科技产出(2014年) 104
S&T Output of R&D Institutions by Industrial Sector in which the R&D Institutions Served (2014)
四、高等学校
Higher Education
4-1 高等学校科技活动情况 113
Basic Statistics on Higher Education for Science and technology Activities
4-2 各地区高等学校R&D人员(2014年) 114
R&D Personnel in Higher Education by Region (2014)
4-3 各地区理工农医类高等学校R&D人员(2014年) 116
R&D Personnel in Higher Education in Natural Sciences & Technology by Region (2014)
4-4 各地区人文社科类高等学校R&D人员(2014年) 118
R&D Personnel in Higher Education in Social Sciences & Humanities by Region (2014)
4-5 各地区高等学校经费内部支出(2014年) 120
R&DIntramural Expenditures on R&D in Higher Education by Region (2014)
4-6 各地区理工农医类高等学校经费内部支出(2014年) 122
R&DIntramural Expenditures on R&D in Higher Education in Natural Sciences & Technology by Region (2014)
4-7 各地区人文社科类高等学校经费内部支出(2014年) 124
R&DIntramural Expenditures on R&D in Higher Education in Social Sciences & Humanities by Region (2014)
4-8 各地区高等学校R&D经费外部支出(2014年) 126
External Expenditure on R&D in Higher Education by Region (2014)
4-9 各地区理工农医类高等学校R&D经费外部支出(2014年) 127
External Expenditure on R&D in Higher Education in Natural Sciences & Technology by Region (2014)
4-10 各地区人文社科类高等学校R&D经费外部支出(2014年) 128
External Expenditure on R&D in Higher Education in Social Sciences & Humanities by Region (2014)
4-11 各地区高等学校R&D课题(2014年) 129
R&D Projects of Higher Education by Region (2014)
4-12 各地区理工农医类高等学校R&D课题(2014年) 130
R&D Projects of Higher Education in Natural Sciences & Technology by Region (2014)
4-13 各地区人文社科类高等学校R&D课题(2014年) 131
R&D Projects of Higher Education in Social Sciences & Humanities by Region (2014)
4-14 按学科分高等学校R&D课题(2014年) 132
R&D Projects Taken by R&D Institutions by Discipline (2014)
4-15 按来源和合作形式分高等学校R&D课题(2014年) 133
R&D Projects of Higher Education by Sources and Cooperation Modality (2014)
4-16 各地区高等学校科技产出(2014年) 134
S&T Output of Higher Education by Region(2014)
4-17 各地区理工农医类高等学校科技产出(2014年) 136
S&T Output of Higher Education in Social Sciences & Humanities by Region(2014)
4-18 各地区人文社科类高等学校科技产出(2014年) 138
S&T Output of Higher Education in Social Sciences & Humanities by Region(2014)
五、高技术产业
High-tech Industry
5-1 高技术产业基本情况 143
Basic Statistics on High-tech Industry
5-2 高技术产业生产经营情况 (2014年) 144
Statistics on Production and Management in High-tech Industry(2014)
5-3 各地区高技术产业生产经营情况 (2014年) 145
Statistics on Production and Management in High-tech Industry by Region(2014)
5-4 高技术产业R&D活动情况 (2014年) 146
Statistics on R&D Activities in High-tech Industry(2014)
5-5 各地区高技术产业R&D活动情况 (2014年) 147
Statistics on R&D Activities in High-tech Industry by Region(2014)
5-6 高技术产业新产品开发及生产 (2014年) 148
Statistics on New Products Production in High-tech Industry (2014)
5-7 各地区高技术产业新产品开发及生产 (2014年) 149
Statistics on New Products Production in High-tech Industry by Region(2014)
5-8 高技术产业专利情况 (2014年) 150
Statistics on Patents in High-tech Industry(2014)
5-9 各地区高技术产业专利情况 (2014年) 151
Statistics on Patents in High-tech Industry by Region(2014)
5-10 高技术产业技术获取及技术改造 (2014年) 152
Technology Acquisition and Renovation in High-tech Industry (2014)
5-11 各地区高技术产业技术获取及技术改造 (2014年) 153
Technology Acquisition and Renovation in High-tech Industry by Region(2014)
5-12 高技术产业投资 (2014年) 154
Statistics on Investment in Fixed Assets in High-tech Industry(2014)
5-13 各地区高技术产业投资 (2014年) 155
Statistics on Investment in Fixed Assets in High-tech Industry by Region(2014)
5-14 国家级高新区企业主要经济指标 (2014年) 156
Major Indicators of High-Technology Industrial Development Zone (2014)
5-15 高技术产品进出口贸易 162
Value of Imports and Exports of High-tech Products
5-16 按贸易方式分高技术产品进出口贸易 (2014年) 162
Value of Imports and Exports of High-tech Products by Trade Form(2014)
5-17 各地区高技术产品进出口贸易 (2014年) 163
Value of Imports and Exports of High-tech Products by Region(2014)
5-18 高技术产品、工业制成品、初级产品的进出口贸易额 164
Imports and Exports of High-tech Products, Manufactured Goods and Primary Goods
六、国家科技计划
National Program for Science and Technology Development
6-1 国家主要科技计划基本情况 168
Appropriation for S&T by Central Government in the Main Programs of S&T
6-2 国家科技支撑计划/国家科技攻关计划中央财政拨款 169
Appropriation for S&T by Central Government in Key Technologies R&D Program
6-3 国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)中央财政拨款 169
Appropriation for S&T by Central Government in National Key Basic Research Program of China
6-4 国家重大科学研究计划中央财政拨款 170
Appropriation for S&T by Central Government in National Major Scientific Research Program of China
6-5 国家自然科学基金资助项目经费 170
Project Funding Approved by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
6-6 分部门国家自然科学基金资助项目经费(2014年) 171
Project Funding Approved by the National Natural Science Foundation of China by Sectors (2014)
6-7 国家重点实验室运行情况(2014年) 172
State Key Laboratories and National Laboratories Operation By Sectors (2014)
6-8 全国创业风险投资基本情况 174
Basic Statistics on National VC Capital
七、科技活动成果
Results of Science and Technology Activities
7-1 国内专利申请受理数 177
Domestic Patent Applications Accepted
7-2 国内专利申请授权数 178
Domestic Patents Granted
7-3 国内有效专利数 179
Domestic Patents in Force
7-4 国内、外三种专利申请受理数 180
Three Kinds of Applications for Patents Accepted
7-5 国内、外三种专利申请授权数 181
Three Kinds of Patents Granted
7-6 国内、外三种专利有效数 182
Three Kinds of Patents in Force
7-7 国内三种专利申请受理数按地区分布(2014年) 183
Three Kinds of Domestic Patent Applications Accepted by Region (2014)
7-8 国内三种专利申请授权数按地区分布(2014年) 184
Three Kinds of Domestic Patent Applications Granted by Region (2014)
7-9 国内三种专利有效数按地区分布(2014年) 185
Three Kinds of Domestic Patents in Force by Region (2014)
7-10 按国别(地区)分国外三种专利申请受理(2014年) 186
Three Kinds of Foregin Patent Applications Accepted by Country (Area) (2014)
7-11 按国别(地区)分国外三种专利授权(2014年) 188
Three Kinds of Foregin Patents Granted by Country (Area)(2014)
7-12 按国别(地区)分国外三种专利有效数(2014年) 190
Three Kinds of Foregin Patents in Force by Country (Area)(2014)
7-13 按国际专利标准分类的专利申请受理、授权和有效数(2014年) 192
Patents Applications Accepted, Granted and in Force by International Patent Classification (2014)
7-14 国外主要检索工具收录我国论文总数及在世界上的位置 195
Number of Chinese Paper Taken by Major Foreign Referencing Systems and Precedence in the World
7-15 国外主要检索工具收录的我国科技人员在国内外期刊上发表论文数 195
Number of Papers by Chinese Scientists and Technicians Published in Domestic and Foreign Periodicals and
Taken by Major Foreign Referencing System
7-16 国外主要检索工具收录我国科技论文按学科分布(2013年) 196
Chinese Scientific Papers Taken by Major Foreign Referencing System by Discipline (2013)
7-17 国外主要检索工具收录我国科技论文按地区分布(2013年) 197
Chinese Scientific Papers Taken by Major Foreign Referencing System by Region (2013)
7-18 2000-2013年《SCI》收录的我国科技论文的10年滚动被引用情况 198
Citation Impact of Chinese Scientific Papers in 10 Year over Lapping Taken in SCI
7-19 中文科技期刊刊登的科技论文篇数按机构类型分类(2013年) 198
Scientific Papers Published in Chinese Science and Technology Periodicals by Type of Institutions (2013)
7-20 重大科技成果 199
Major Research Results of Science and Technology
7-21 国家级科技奖励 199
National Science and Technology Awards
7-22 国家级科技奖励分布 200
Distribution of National Science and Technology Awards
7-23 商标注册申请及核准注册商标 201
Registration Application and Approved of Trademark
7-24 各地区商标注册申请与注册(2014年) 202
Registration Application and Approved of Trademark by Region (2014)
7-25 集成电路布图设计登记申请和登记发证(2014年) 203
Registration Application and Registration Certification of Integrated Circuit Layout-design (2014)
7-26 农业植物新品种权申请和授权 204
Application and Granted of New Variety Rights of Agriculture Plants
7-27 农业植物新品种权申请和授权 205
Application and Granted of New Variety Rights of Agriculture Plants
7-28 按技术合同构成分全国技术市场成交合同数 206
Contract Deals in Domestic Technical Markets by Type of Contracts
7-29 按技术合同构成分全国技术市场成交合同金额 208
Value of Contract Deals in Domestic Technical Markets by Type of Contracts
7-30 按买卖方构成类别分全国技术市场成交合同数 210
Contract Deals in Domestic Technical Markets by Category of Technology Seller and Buyer
7-31 按买卖方构成类别分全国技术市场成交合同金额 211
Value of Contract Deals in Domestic Technical Markets by Category of Technology Seller and Buyer
7-32 技术市场技术输出地域(合同数) 212
Contract Exportation from Domestic Technical Markets by Region
7-33 技术市场技术输出地域(合同金额) 213
Value of Contract Exportation from Domestic Technical Markets by Region
7-34 技术市场技术流向地域(合同数) 214
Contract Inflows to Domestic Technical Markets by Region
7-35 技术市场技术流向地域(合同金额) 215
Value of Contract Inflows to Domestic Technical Markets by Region
7-36 按合同类别分技术市场技术流向地域(合同数)(2014年) 216
Contract Inflows to Domestic Technical Markets by Region (2014)
7-37 按合同类别分技术市场技术流向地域(合同金额)(2014年) 217
Value of Contract Inflows to Domestic Technical Markets by Region (2014)
7-38 按地区分的国外技术引进合同(2014年) 218
Technology Contracts Imported by Region (2014)
7-39 按行业分的国外技术引进合同(2014年) 219
Technology Contracts Imported by Industry (2014)
7-40 国外技术引进合同按引进方式分(2014年) 220
Technology Contracts Imported by Type of Import (2014)
7-41 按引进国别或地区分的国外技术引进合同(2014年) 221
Technology Contracts Imported by Country or Area (2014)
八、科技服务
Scientific and Technologic Services
8-1 全国非油气地质勘查分地区情况(2014年) 224
Basic Statistics on Geological Work by Region (2014)
8-2 全国气象部门基本情况 225
Basic Statistics on Meteorological Units
8-3 地震台、网基本情况(2014年) 226
Statistics of Earthquake Monitoring Stations and Networks (2014)
8-4 海洋观测预报单位机构、人员情况 227
Institutions and Personnel in Ocean Observation and Forecasting
8-5 海洋观测调查情况(2014年) 227
Basic Statistics on Ocean Observation (2014)
8-6 国家标准、计量基本情况 228
Basic Statistics on National Standards and Measurement
8-7 地方标准、质量监督基本情况 228
Basic Statistics on Local Standards and Measurements
8-8 各地区测绘地理信息部门生产完成情况 (2014年) 230
Statistics on Projects Completed by Geographic Information Department of Surveying and Mapping by
Region (2014)
8-9 各地区测绘地理信息部门资料提供情况(2014年) 231
Statistics on Geographic Information Department of Surveying and Mapping Materials by Region (2014)
8-10 国际科技合作项目 232
International Cooperation Exchange for Science and Technology
8-11 国际科技合作项目参加人数 233
Personnel Participated in International Cooperation Exchange for Science and Technology
8-12 中国科协系统科技活动情况(2014年) 234
Basic Statistics on Scientific and Technological Activities of China Associations for Science and
Technology (2014)
8-13 各地区科学普及基本情况(2013年) 238
Main Indicators of Science and Technology Popularization by Region (2013)
8-14 各地区科学普及基本情况(2014年) 240
Main Indicators of Science and Technology Popularization by Region (2014)
8-15 全国生产力促进中心主要经济指标 242
Main Economic Indicators of Productivity Promotion Centers(PPCs) in China
九、国际比较
International Comparison
9-1 研究与试验发展(R&D)经费及占国内生产总值的比重 245
R&D Expenditure and as a Percentage of GDP
9-2 研究与试验发展International Comparison 248
(R&D)活动的国际比较 of R&D Activities
9-3 按ESI论文数量排序的前20个国家 250
The Top 20 Most-cited Countries Sorted by Papers in ESI
9-4 按ESI论文被引用次数排序的前20个国家 251
The Top 20 Most-cited Countries Sorted by Citations in ESI
指标解释 255
Explanatory Notes of Indicators